Wetland Enhancement

Marsh type area with saturated soils and water loving plants that provides habitat for many species of wildlife.

How it works

Natural wetlands — swamps, bogs, sloughs, potholes and marshes — occur in every state in the Nation and vary widely in size, shape and type. A wetland may have standing water year-round, while a seasonal wetland may hold surface water for only part of the year.

How it helps

• Removes nutrients, pesticides and bacteria from surface water
• Filters and collects sediment from runoff water
• Slows and stores runoff water, reducing soil erosion and downstream flooding
• Recharges groundwater supplies by releasing water slowly into the ground
• Provides breeding, nesting and feeding habitat for birds and waterfowl as well as habitat for terrestrial vertebrates, fish and shellfish, and plant communities
• Adds beauty and value to a farm

Planning ahead

• Wildlife and recreation may be enhanced by adding habitat for adjoining uplands and/or goose nests, wood duck boxes, and other protection for waterfowl.

Technical notes

• Protective vegetative cover should be established on exposed surfaces.
• The landowner is responsible for obtaining necessary permits.
• Keep livestock from the area, unless it is included in a planned grazing management plan.
• Provide fish passage into and out of the wetland.

Maintenance

• You may need to plant wetland vegetation until a good stand is established.
• Use weed management to maintain desirable plant and animal species.
• Wetlands need to be managed to retain or develop desired conditions. This may include soil management, native plantings, and/or micro-topography modifications.
• Keep intakes clean and outlets free of debris.
• Inspect pipe structures and repair any damages.
• You may need to install and/or remove boards controlling the water levels each year.

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Last Modified:  09/10/2007